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<body class="bg-gray-50">
    <!-- Hero Section -->
    <section class="hero py-20 px-4 md:px-0">
        <div class="container mx-auto max-w-5xl text-center">
            <h1 class="text-4xl md:text-5xl font-bold mb-6">并发任务顺序处理方案</h1>
            <p class="text-xl md:text-2xl opacity-90 mb-8">五种优雅实现多线程顺序执行的方法</p>
            <div class="flex justify-center">
                <div class="inline-flex items-center px-6 py-3 bg-white bg-opacity-10 rounded-full border border-white border-opacity-20">
                    <i class="fas fa-lock-open mr-2"></i>
                    <span>无锁并发处理</span>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Introduction -->
    <section class="py-16 px-4 md:px-0">
        <div class="container mx-auto max-w-5xl">
            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-lg p-8">
                <h2 class="text-2xl font-bold mb-4 text-gray-800"><i class="fas fa-info-circle mr-2 text-blue-500"></i>问题背景</h2>
                <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">在多线程编程中，有时我们需要在并发环境中确保任务按照特定顺序执行。虽然锁是实现这一目标的传统方法，但过度使用锁可能导致性能问题或死锁。本指南介绍了五种不使用锁但能实现顺序执行任务的方法。</p>
                
                <div class="border-l-4 border-blue-500 pl-4 py-2 bg-blue-50">
                    <h3 class="font-semibold text-gray-800"><i class="fas fa-lightbulb mr-2 text-blue-500"></i>关键概念</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700">这些方法都利用了Java并发工具包中的高级同步机制，避免了直接使用锁，同时保证了线程安全和执行顺序。</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Visualization -->
    <section class="py-16 px-4 md:px-0 bg-gray-100">
        <div class="container mx-auto max-w-5xl">
            <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold mb-8 text-center text-gray-800">方法关系图</h2>
            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-lg p-6">
                <div class="mermaid">
                    graph TD
                    A[并发任务顺序处理] --> B[Semaphore]
                    A --> C[AtomicInteger]
                    A --> D[Exchanger]
                    A --> E[BlockingQueue]
                    A --> F[Condition]
                    B -->|许可证控制| G[顺序执行]
                    C -->|原子操作| G
                    D -->|线程间交换| G
                    E -->|队列控制| G
                    F -->|条件等待| G
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Methods Section -->
    <section class="py-16 px-4 md:px-0">
        <div class="container mx-auto max-w-5xl">
            <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold mb-12 text-center text-gray-800">五种实现方法</h2>
            
            <!-- Method 1 -->
            <div class="method-card bg-white mb-8 overflow-hidden">
                <div class="md:flex">
                    <div class="md:w-1/4 bg-blue-50 flex items-center justify-center p-8">
                        <i class="method-icon fas fa-traffic-light"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div class="md:w-3/4 p-8">
                        <div class="flex items-center mb-4">
                            <span class="text-xl font-bold bg-blue-500 text-white rounded-full w-8 h-8 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">1</span>
                            <h3 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-800">Semaphore（信号量）</h3>
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">通过控制同时访问资源的线程数量，使用许可证机制确保顺序执行。初始化Semaphore对象设定许可数为1，每个线程在处理任务前请求许可，处理完成后释放许可。</p>
                        <div class="code-block p-4 rounded overflow-x-auto">
                            <pre><code class="text-sm">import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SequentialTaskProcessor {
    private static final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable task = () -> {
            try {
                semaphore.acquire(); // 请求许可
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is processing the task");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            } finally {
                semaphore.release(); // 释放许可
            }
        };

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new Thread(task, "Thread-" + i).start();
        }
    }
}</code></pre>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Method 2 -->
            <div class="method-card bg-white mb-8 overflow-hidden">
                <div class="md:flex">
                    <div class="md:w-1/4 bg-green-50 flex items-center justify-center p-8">
                        <i class="method-icon fas fa-atom"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div class="md:w-3/4 p-8">
                        <div class="flex items-center mb-4">
                            <span class="text-xl font-bold bg-green-500 text-white rounded-full w-8 h-8 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">2</span>
                            <h3 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-800">AtomicInteger（原子整型）</h3>
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">利用AtomicInteger来管理任务的执行顺序，通过线程的id来确保任务的顺序执行。使用AtomicInteger记录当前正在处理的任务索引，线程检查自己的id是否匹配当前索引，匹配则处理并更新索引。</p>
                        <div class="code-block p-4 rounded overflow-x-auto">
                            <pre><code class="text-sm">import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class SequentialTaskProcessor {
    private static final AtomicInteger currentIndex = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private static final int TOTAL_TASKS = 5;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable task = () -> {
            try {
                int threadId = Integer.parseInt(Thread.currentThread().getName().split("-")[1]);
                while (true) {
                    if (currentIndex.get() == threadId) {
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is processing the task");
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                        currentIndex.incrementAndGet();
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        };

        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TASKS; i++) {
            new Thread(task, "Thread-" + i).start();
        }
    }
}</code></pre>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Method 3 -->
            <div class="method-card bg-white mb-8 overflow-hidden">
                <div class="md:flex">
                    <div class="md:w-1/4 bg-purple-50 flex items-center justify-center p-8">
                        <i class="method-icon fas fa-exchange-alt"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div class="md:w-3/4 p-8">
                        <div class="flex items-center mb-4">
                            <span class="text-xl font-bold bg-purple-500 text-white rounded-full w-8 h-8 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">3</span>
                            <h3 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-800">Exchanger（交换器）</h3>
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">用于两个线程之间的同步，也可扩展用于更多线程的同步，通过轮询控制任务处理顺序。创建Exchanger对象，线程通过exchange()方法同步，确保按顺序处理任务。</p>
                        <div class="code-block p-4 rounded overflow-x-auto">
                            <pre><code class="text-sm">import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;

public class SequentialTaskProcessor {
    private static final Exchanger<Integer> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable task = () -> {
            try {
                int threadId = Integer.parseInt(Thread.currentThread().getName().split("-")[1]);
                Integer exchangeValue = exchanger.exchange(threadId);
                if (exchangeValue == null || exchangeValue == threadId - 1) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is processing the task");
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    exchanger.exchange(threadId);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        };

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new Thread(task, "Thread-" + i).start();
        }
    }
}</code></pre>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Method 4 -->
            <div class="method-card bg-white mb-8 overflow-hidden">
                <div class="md:flex">
                    <div class="md:w-1/4 bg-yellow-50 flex items-center justify-center p-8">
                        <i class="method-icon fas fa-stream"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div class="md:w-3/4 p-8">
                        <div class="flex items-center mb-4">
                            <span class="text-xl font-bold bg-yellow-500 text-white rounded-full w-8 h-8 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">4</span>
                            <h3 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-800">BlockingQueue（阻塞队列）</h3>
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">通过共享队列和生产者/消费者模式控制任务执行。使用容量为1的BlockingQueue确保任务按顺序处理，线程通过队列获取和处理任务。</p>
                        <div class="code-block p-4 rounded overflow-x-auto">
                            <pre><code class="text-sm">import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

public class SequentialTaskProcessor {
    private static final BlockingQueue<Integer> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);
    private static final int TOTAL_TASKS = 5;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable task = () -> {
            try {
                int threadId = Integer.parseInt(Thread.currentThread().getName().split("-")[1]);
                if (threadId == 0) {
                    queue.put(threadId);
                } else {
                    queue.take();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is processing the task");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                if (threadId < TOTAL_TASKS - 1) {
                    queue.put(threadId + 1);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        };

        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TASKS; i++) {
            new Thread(task, "Thread-" + i).start();
        }
    }
}</code></pre>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Method 5 -->
            <div class="method-card bg-white mb-8 overflow-hidden">
                <div class="md:flex">
                    <div class="md:w-1/4 bg-red-50 flex items-center justify-center p-8">
                        <i class="method-icon fas fa-pause-circle"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div class="md:w-3/4 p-8">
                        <div class="flex items-center mb-4">
                            <span class="text-xl font-bold bg-red-500 text-white rounded-full w-8 h-8 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">5</span>
                            <h3 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-800">Condition（条件变量）</h3>
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">提供类似传统条件变量的机制，控制线程执行顺序。使用Condition对象，线程通过条件变量进行等待和通知。</p>
                        <div class="code-block p-4 rounded overflow-x-auto">
                            <pre><code class="text-sm">import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class SequentialTaskProcessor {
    private static final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private static final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    private static int currentIndex = 0;
    private static final int TOTAL_TASKS = 5;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable task = () -> {
            int threadId = Integer.parseInt(Thread.currentThread().getName().split("-")[1]);
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while (threadId != currentIndex) {
                    condition.await();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is processing the task");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                currentIndex++;
                condition.signalAll();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        };

        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TASKS; i++) {
            new Thread(task, "Thread-" + i).start();
        }
    }
}</code></pre>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Comparison Section -->
    <section class="py-16 px-4 md:px-0 bg-gray-100">
        <div class="container mx-auto max-w-5xl">
            <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold mb-8 text-center text-gray-800">方法比较</h2>
            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-lg overflow-hidden">
                <table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200">
                    <thead class="bg-gray-50">
                        <tr>
                            <th class="px-6 py-3 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">方法</th>
                            <th class="px-6 py-3 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">复杂度</th>
                            <th class="px-6 py-3 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">适用场景</th>
                            <th class="px-6 py-3 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">性能</th>
                        </tr>
                    </thead>
                    <tbody class="bg-white divide-y divide-gray-200">
                        <tr>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap font-medium text-gray-900">Semaphore</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">低</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 text-gray-500">简单的顺序控制</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">高</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap font-medium text-gray-900">AtomicInteger</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">中</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 text-gray-500">需要精确顺序控制</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">中</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap font-medium text-gray-900">Exchanger</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">高</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 text-gray-500">成对线程同步</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">中</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap font-medium text-gray-900">BlockingQueue</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">中</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 text-gray-500">生产者-消费者模式</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">中</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap font-medium text-gray-900">Condition</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">高</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 text-gray-500">复杂同步需求</td>
                            <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-gray-500">低</td>
                        </tr>
                    </tbody>
                </table>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

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